Feel free to correct my math, but taking the M2 as reference
The vital statistics are:
1.4kg shell MB
158 m/s muzzle velocity VB
19kg mortar MF
according to http://www.jbmballistics.com/ballistics/topics/recoil.shtml
the formula for recoil is:
Firearm Velocity VF = (MB*VB)/MF
Recoil Energy EF = 1/2 MF VF2
That comes out to 2575 kilogram-force meter (18,625 ft-lbs) of force.
For comparison, this article cites the .950 JDJ as the worldâs most powerful rifle cartridge
https://www.wideopenspaces.com/big-gun-big-fun-shooting-worlds-largest-rifle-video/
it exerts 277 ft-lbs of force a little over a tenth the force the mortar would exert. The mortar would kick 10 times harder.
Put another way, the mortar would send an average human (62kg) flying at:
(158 * 1.4) / (62(person) + 19(gun)) = 2.7 m/s