Looking at the code, the list from more damage to least damage goes like this:
- Vertical blade (350)
- Spike (300)
- Horizontal blade (250)
All of the have the same durability (100).
And about armors, the list goes this way, from more durable to less:
- Hard plating (2300)
- Steel plating (1000)
- Superalloy plating (900)
- Spiked plating (900)
Spiked plates also deal a bit more damage when bumping something with that part.
From https://github.com/TheDarklingWolf/Cataclysm-DDA/blob/master/veh_type.h