[ul][list]It depends on the building I’m setting up for my base, and I don’t much remodeling, but for the sake of simplicity I’ll talk about my general must haves for me.
[list]
[li]A table for all spare parts (rags, metal, etc)[/li]
[li]A table full of tools[/li]
[li]A table full of utility ammunition (batteries, thread, plutonium, charcoal, etc)[/li]
[li]A bookcase full of recipe books[/li]
[li]A fridge full of perishable foods[/li]
[li]A table full of nonperishable foods[/li]
[li]A table for food ingredients[/li]
[li]A table for drinks[/li]
[li]A fireplace (wood stove or stone fireplace)[/li]
[li]A place for the firewood to go (Sadly burning most things doesn’t get rid of them…)[/li]
[/list]
I mainly live in that area, that’s why I put my food so close, but I have a bedroom for reasons. Oh, and the things I just listed have to be withing crafting range of each other. I think it’s at least a 7x7 area for crafting 
Aside from the crafting area, I have a bedroom. This entails;
[list]
[li]A bed[/li]
[li]A dresser to store clothes[/li]
[li]A locker to store armor[/li][/list]
The bedroom is modular, because I’ll store many more things such as electronics, or weapons if I don’t have much room, which I’ll get to in a moment…
Now that’s all for my basics. Notice how I have a furniture item storing all of my items. A table or a locker will look much better in game and in your mind that having a literal pile of guns and ammo on the ground.
That aside, this is what I consider to be placed anywhere within reason;
[list]
[li]A gun locker[/li]
[li]A locker for ammunition[/li]
[li]A locker for melee weapons[/li]
[li]A table for cbms[/li]
[li]A table for important electronics (mp3 player, tablet, UPS, etc)[/li]
[/list]
Now these items are unnecessary to organize, but if you collect enough of it, organize it.
[list]
[li]A place for light generating objects (lighters, matchbooks, flares, hotpacks, etc)[/li]
[li]A place for long string and rope[/li]
[li]A place for chemicals[/li]
[li]A place for medication (painkillers, first aid kits, etc)[/li]
[/list]
And that’s it. I’ll post a pic later.[/list][/ul]