Even with 0 melee and a crowbar, zombie dogs usually don’t pose too much trouble. They’re fast, sure, but they don’t have the HP to survive long. Just lead them away from other zombies and take them out one on one, preferably with 0 torso encumbrance.
The real danger of zombie dogs are packs of them. Fortunately, the only time I really had to deal with an entire pack of zombie dogs was when I was being chased by two dozen zombies camped outside the survival shelter (because the survival shelter was spawned in the middle of what appeared to be three or four cities sandwiched together) that happened contain a zombie necromancer and a master zombie. The NPC I started with charged the horde valiantly (wielding his mighty CBM: Time Dilation no less), but I fled like a coward. The master zombie apparently decided there would be none of that, and morphed zombie after zombie into zombie dogs. Pretty sure there were around six or seven, possibly more, when the first four reached me and started tearing the meat from my bones. Even with them having hardly any HP, they are still deadly in numbers, moreso since kiting isn’t an option without an obscenely fast character. And since pain slows you down too…that was a short run. Possibly my shortest, I think I lasted less than ten minutes after starting the game there. It was pretty amusing.
Typically, they’re more an annoyance than anything else. As long as you go out of your way to single them out and kill them first, they don’t live long enough to become a threat. Just avoid letting yourself be surrounded by them. use windows or doors if you have to. Use a low move/attack weapon, and make sure you’re unencumbered.