As per the title of this thread, I suggest that the characters be able to boil water to make it safe to drink in non-traditional ways.
Possible tools that can do this off the top of my head are plastic bags, coke bottles, plastic water bottles, glass bottle, anything that can hold water really. Even jerry cans if you can get a big enough fire.
Whether this should be put into the game due to its impact on making survival much more easier, I leave it up to you.
Edit: I realize that this suggestion may run counter to come reader’s expectations of how… well, generally how boiling liquids work and the melting and combustibility of some of the materials suggested.
The two main issues with this I think is 1. the melting point of plastic, and as an aside to this 2. whether you can actually get the water to boil without melting the plastic.
- The melting point of plastic is above the boiling point of water, but a fire is much hotter. The issue here is the physics of convection. Like a bundle of wet news paper, it cannot actually combust if there is a sizable amount of water inside of it when you put it over a fire. It is because the water in the newspaper is an energy sink. Not only will it heat up, but it will be able to store energy in itself. And when water takes in too much energy, it will turn into steam and carry that energy away.
So not only does the fire need to exert enough energy into the newspaper to burn it, it must exert enough energy to turn the water into steam and be carried away as well as enough to burn that newspaper.
The principle is very much the same with a plastic bottle of water. While a fire can melt a water bottle, when you put water into it, or any other sort of material that doesn’t act like air and quickly runs away without absorbing much energy at all leaving the energy trapped in the container, the fire will need to put enough energy into the material that is in the container as well, and put enough energy into it that it raises the temperature of the material inside to the melting point of the water bottle for it to melt the plastic bottle.
I do not recommend you try this at home (what with the fire and all), bu there are many youtube videos that show that this is possible, despite the number of people on Yahoo Answers telling you “no” obviously not having even the decency to google these things before giving people answers.
- You do not actually need to boil water to make it safe to drink. Louis Pasteur came up with the method of pasteurization that is often used for milk nowadays, but can also easily apply to water as well, as it were pasteurizing water. Around 70 degrees Celsius is all that’s needed to kill pretty much anything that would harm you.