The game uses SDL 2, the numbering scheme of those libraries is very confusing. SDL 1 and SDL 2 are different packages, not different versions of the same package.
Basically you have libsdl (which is SDL 1) and all the sub-libraries with their own version number, they require SDL 1.
Than you have libsdl2 and all the sub-libraries with their own version number but they require SDL 2.
So you might have installed libsdl-mixer that uses SDL 1, but the games uses SDL 2 and therefor requires the mixer library that also uses SDL 2.
You probably need those packages:
libsdl2
libsdl2-image
libsdl2-mixer
libsdl2-ttf
The packages might be named “libsdl2-2.0-0” (with a “-2.0-0” suffix, I don’t have an Ubuntu system ready to check this).
If you want to compile the game you probably need the packages with the “-dev” suffix.
Finally this could also be a 32 bit vs 64 bit problem (the game executable is 32 bit, but your libraries are for 64 bit or similar).