While the manner in which ranged weapons are currently balanced is currently dubious, I personally do not believe it is without justification aside from a few points, which I will elaborate upon further.
Issues with Firearms as they are Currently
Zombies and Firearms
To be honest, most of the time, you’re going to be using firearms on the normal Z zombie. The extreme levels of damage are to be expected for a somewhat decomposed puppet-body. However, even if the central nervous system is still a very valuable target when you’re trying to kill them, the sheer destruction attributed to firing at the head is somewhat confusing. The agent reanimating these zeds, the blob- or whatever it’s called- is present throughout the body as well. Destruction of the central colony coordinating the zed should cripple, but not quite kill, the zombie. Why? Simple. There’s more mass of blob still- blind as it is- operating it. Perhaps you could even give the blob a chance to emerge from the body, having developed a quantum collapsible outer shell to prevent the usual interdimensional issue of quantum nonconformity from killing it the moment it’s seen. (I think the main issue with the blob isn’t radiation, or else anything shorter wavelength than visible light would penetrate skin and kill it immediately, but quantum mechanics at the subatomic level, having evolved with different ‘laws’ so to speak… I’ve digressed enough) The body still remains to be killed, so you could potentially generate a new monster after the Z ‘dies’, with a few disadvantages based on locational damage such as loss of legs or head not completely killing it. This renders firearms less effective because melee weapons would not create the same trauma, and not cause the slime to ‘panic’ and maintain the body as it’s dying (similar to how physically traumatized humans to a specific degree start producing epinephrine, allowing them to survive even 5 shots straight to the chest, but not when they’re expecting the fight or anticipate the damage). After a certain point post creation, though, it should die of natural causes… Though it makes it more of a waiting game, it also prevents the world from being clogged with semi-dead zombies… and the new players need some way to kill these things, right?
[u]Other Creatures and Firearms[/u]
Most other creatures aren't quite as 'durable' as the zombies, and they really shouldn't be too hard by comparison- They operate on similar systems to a human, with some exceptions. There are things which increase the lethality of firearms such as cardiothoracic shock, essential central organ systems, and even some semblance of a mind for most of the more intelligent ones. However, they also are not affected by the same stimuli as zombies. Zeds are basically unthinking puppets, while intelligent life is inherently more dangerous due to advanced tactical capacity. Hit and run can wear down any character, and anything that learns the vulnerability that comes with the reload cycle will immediately have an advantage. Ultimately, zombies are dangerous due to horde tactics and the extensive damage required to put just one down. Other creatures have separate effects such as poison or mind effecting abilities, plus the capacity to think in terms other than "Attack until dead". This however, is not represented in game, so the only noticable difference from zombies is a great deal more HP and frightening levels of brute strength.
Most of the issues are not centrally with the weapons- Firearms are the I-Win button IRL combat, so it’s expected. It’s mostly with the laughable vulnerability EVERYTHING has to such weapons, and the tactics normally employed by survivors. You don’t shoot Slenderman he catches you by surprise- Nullify the tactics, not the weapons. The tools’ effectiveness depends on the USER. A proficient swordsman in Cataclysm can mow down hordes just as easily, though with more risk of injury. And also, remember that firearms are the equalizer between the unstoppable force and the average Joe. It only takes one round to stop either one, and that’s why they’re here.
I need to start building a unified suggestion for handling combat… And learn C++