I’m hardly a firearms expert, but it seems that I become more knowledgeable on the subject with each passing day. The CIA probably thinks I’m some kinda dangerous psycho, what with all the guns and stuff I research online these days.
Yes, a .30-06 rifle will fire .270 rounds. Kinda. It will quite possibly jam, and may not even chamber at all due to the .270’s case being a hair longer, and if it fires it will likely be incredibly inaccurate due to the round being a bit smaller than the receiver is made to hold. There’s a small risk of damaging the gun, but most .30-06 rifles are tough enough to survive without harm.
No, a .270 rifle will not fire .30-06 rounds. If you do manage to load them in there, they’ll misfire and most likely damage the gun and possibly the shooter.
A .270 round uses the same case as a .30-06 round, it’s just been modified slightly to have a longer neck and hold a smaller diameter bullet.
So while you can fire .270 rounds from a .30-06, you shouldn’t.