I’m pretty sure .44 used to be stupidly rare because it was put in the military ammo spawning table instead of general civilian ammo, so you wouldn’t find it in gun stores or homes. That changed sometime last year (2016) though, so if you’ve kept the game updated older worlds should spawn it in new areas.
I feel like I’ve had good luck finding it in mansions, but that might be the old fashion paper and powder .44s.
Edit: Maybe it was rare and/or antique ammo drops, my memories fuzzy.