One, the launcher is really there for mac users, on linux ./cataclysm from the cataclysm directory should do it.
This doesn’t have anything to do with your problem, just a FYI.
Two, take a look at your /usr/lib directory, the lua library might just be named differently. If you have something along the lines of liblua-5.2.so in there, do:
cd /usr/lib
sudo ln -s liblua-5.2.so liblua5.2.so.0
What this does is create a symbolic link from the file the game is expecting (liblua5.2.so.0) to the file that exists on your system so that the game can find it.