I would track these
- calories / joules - from carbs, fats and proteins
- vitamins - from vegetable and fruit, some from meat
- minerals - from meat, dairy and vegetable
- amino acids - from eggs! (what category are these in?), meat, dairy and some vegetable
- fibers (maybe) - from vegetable and fruit
I would not track carbs itself, humans can live without them for unlimited amount of time (minimum necessary amount can be created by body itself via Gluconeogenesis), just as calories. Fat is huge source of calories, i would not keep track of fat itself. Proteins are mix of calories + amino acids.
Tracking various vitamins / minerals would be probably overkill, illness could be picked randomly from lists related to lack of vitamins / minerals instead.
We could also keep existing ‘healthy’ attribute, if necessary, to simulate some drugs have detrimental effect on your health in general, if you consume lots of them. I would not use it for tracking healthiness of food though, to prevent flame wars about what is healthy food and what is not 