In addition to recompiling, you might want to delete your save directory and templates, as well.
If you’re still getting the error, then you may want to get a stack trace. Luckily, I know how to do that on Linux.
Run “gdb cataclysm”, (may have to install gdb first), which causes Cataclysm to be run via a debugger. Once the debugger’s loaded everything, type “run”. Continue playing as normal, but now if it crashes, it’ll give you a chance to poke at things.
If you just want to get a stack trace after a crash (which is a huge help at times), type “where”, and it should spit out some coding-jargony stuff. Tell us what it says, and we can hopefully help :).