Theoretically yes, although you’d have a hard time figuring out what every symbol means, unless you use a font that simply stylizes the equivalent letters (so an @ is actually a “person” symbol, etc). You’d still have troubles when accessing the inventory (what was the letter I need to press to access the “tree” inventory item?). A new font should probably be created exclusively for this purpose, unless I’m mistaken. Maybe there’s something close enough out there already.
To know more about how to change the font and size check this section of the wiki.
And for the (non feline)lazy:
To change the font used by the game you'll need to edit the FONTDATA file, located in the Data directory. You can edit that file by using any text editor (Windows Notepad, Notepad++, etc).
It’ll display something like this:
Topaz-8
16
16
Change the first line to the name of the font you want to use. The other two lines are the size of the font. Make sure both numbers are the same.
You’ll have to experiment with different font and viewport sizes, by accessing the game’s options menu (from the main menu scree or through (?), (2) while playing), until you get the game properly displayed at the size you want.